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Exercise 4.16: quadrant

Added by: Roy McElmurry

Write a static method called quadrant that takes as parameters a pair of real numbers representing an (x, y) point and that returns the quadrant number for that point. Recall that quadrants are numbered as integers from 1 to 4 with the upper-right quadrant numbered 1 and the subsequent quadrants numbered in a counter-clockwise fashion: 

                     ^ y-axis
                     |
                     |
                     |
         Quadrant 2  |  Quadrant 1
                     |
<--------------------+--------------------> x-axis
                     |
         Quadrant 3  |  Quadrant 4
                     |
                     |
                     |
                     V

Notice that the quadrant is determined by whether the x and y coordinates are positive or negative numbers. If a point falls on the x-axis or the y-axis, then the method should return 0. Below are sample calls on the method.

Call Value Returned
quadrant(12.4, 17.8) 1
quadrant(-2.3, 3.5) 2
quadrant(-15.2, -3.1) 3
quadrant(4.5, -42.0) 4
quadrant(0.0, 3.14) 0

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